Funded Projects

Explore our currently funded projects. You may search with all three fields, then focus your results by applying any of the dropdown filters. After customizing your search, you may download results and even save your specific search for later.

Project # Project Title Research Focus Area Research Program Administering IC Institution(s) Investigator(s) Location(s) Year Awarded
4R33NS114954-02
The Inflammatory Index as a Biomarker for Pain in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease Clinical Research in Pain Management Discovery and Validation of Biomarkers, Endpoints, and Signatures for Pain Conditions NINDS MEDICAL COLLEGE OF WISCONSIN BRANDOW, AMANDA M Milwaukee, WI 2023
NOFO Title: Discovery of Biomarkers, Biomarker Signatures, and Endpoints for Pain (R61/R33 Clinical Trial Optional)
NOFO Number: RFA-NS-18-041
1R01DA059411-01
Building Social and Structural Connections for the Prevention of OUD Among Youth Experiencing Homelessness: An RCT Examining Biopsychosocial Mechanisms New Strategies to Prevent and Treat Opioid Addiction Preventing Opioid Use Disorder NIDA OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY FORD, JODI (contact); SLESNICK, NATASHA Columbus, OH 2023
NOFO Title: HEAL Initiative: Preventing Opioid Misuse and Co-Occurring Conditions by Intervening on Social Determinants (R01 - Clinical Trials Optional)
NOFO Number: RFA-DA-23-051
Summary:

Multiple social determinants affect the health of youth experiencing homelessness. These include a lack of stable safe housing, income, education, food security, restricted access to services, as well as discrimination, victimization, and social isolation. This project will test the use of prevention efforts to address the factors that may be embedded within systems that serve this population, such as drop-in centers. The research will gather generalizable information about helping these youth along with cost estimates to inform future implementation efforts.

1RM1DA059377-01
Person-Centered Quality Measurement and Management in a System for Addictions Treatment in New York State Translation of Research to Practice for the Treatment of Opioid Addiction Optimizing the Quality, Reach, and Impact of Addiction Services NIDA NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE NEIGHBORS, CHARLES J (contact); BURKE, CONSTANCE; LINCOURT, PATRICIA New York, NY 2023
NOFO Title: HEAL Initiative: Research to Foster an Opioid Use Disorder Treatment System Patients Can Count On (RM1 - Clinical Trial Optional)
NOFO Number: RFA-DA-23-046
Summary:

The number of drug overdoses in New York continues to rise. In response, the New York State Office of Addiction Services and Supports (OASAS) is promoting approaches that embrace person-centered care, evidence-based practices, equitable treatment, and harm-reduction principles. In this project, researchers will partner with OASAS to build a quality measurement and management research center that provides performance feedback to support and encourage leadership and staff of treatment clinics to improve practice. The center will also publicize quality measures to ensure public accountability.

1R61DA059032-01A1
Onsite PTSD Treatment to Improve MOUD Outcomes (OPTIMO): A Hybrid Type 1 Effectiveness-Implementation Trial of Harm Reduction PTSD Care at Syringe Service Programs Translation of Research to Practice for the Treatment of Opioid Addiction Optimizing the Quality, Reach, and Impact of Addiction Services NIDA CITY COLLEGE OF NEW YORK LOPEZ-CASTRO, TERESA (contact); FOX, AARON D New York, NY 2023
NOFO Title: HEAL Initiative: Translating Research to Practice to End the Overdose Crisis (R61/R33 Clinical Trial Optional)
NOFO Number: RFA-DA-23-053
Summary:

People who inject drugs often have posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Co-occurring PTSD puts these individuals at increased risk of illicit opioid use, opioid use disorder, overdose, HIV, and hepatitis C virus infection. This project will adapt, with input from the community, an evidence-based PTSD treatment program for people with both opioid use disorder and PTSD who are participating in a syringe service program. The treatment will then be tested in multiple syringe service programs to determine its potential for improving outcomes for these individuals who are often marginalized in traditional care.

1R01DA059423-01
Automated Assessment of Maternal Sensitivity to Infant Distress: Leveraging Wearable Sensors for Substance Use Disorder Prevention and Research Enhanced Outcomes for Infants and Children Exposed to Opioids Virtual Assessments to Understand Developmental Trajectories of Substance Use Exposure NIDA UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN DE BARBARO, KAYA Austin, TX 2023
NOFO Title: HEAL Initiative: Development and validation of virtual assessments to study children and caregivers in their natural environment (R01- Clinical Trial Not Allowed)
NOFO Number: RFA-DA-23-050
Summary:

High-quality parent-infant interactions set the stage for secure parent-child attachment, self-reliance, and children’s ability to flexibly solve problems and “bounce back” from difficulties. This constellation of behaviors reduces the risk of developing substance use disorders later in life. This project will develop algorithms that use data from wearable sensors, trained separately for English- and Spanish-speaking families, to assess the quality of early mother-infant interactions objectively, automatically, and remotely in natural home environments, with the goal of developing tools to facilitate identification and prevention of early risks for substance use disorders.

1U24NS135547-01
Meaningful Data Integration, Visualization and Distribution for Human Pain Associated Genes & Cells Datasets Preclinical and Translational Research in Pain Management Discovery and Validation of Novel Targets for Safe and Effective Treatment of Pain NINDS UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA WAGENAAR, JOOST B (contact); HUNTER, PETER JOHN; MARTONE, MARYANN E Philadelphia, PA 2023
NOFO Title: HEAL Initiative: Human Pain-associated Genes & Cells Data Coordination and Integration Center (U24 Clinical Trial Not Allowed)
NOFO Number: RFA-NS-22-021
Summary:

The primary goal of the PRECISION Human Pain network and its participating centers is to generate comprehensive datasets of molecular signatures and cellular function phenotypes or signatures of various cell types that underlie transmission and processing of pain signals in humans. To maximize the impact of the data generated through this effort, it is vital to standardize and integrate all data generated by the various centers and make these data available in a meaningful way to the larger scientific community. As the Data Coordination and Integration Center, this project will support the network to curate, harmonize, and effectively integrate center-generated datasets as well as provide operational support for the network and conduct educational and outreach efforts.

1K99NS134965-01
Lymphocyte Antigen 6 (Ly6) Proteins: New Players in Chronic Pain Cross-Cutting Research Training the Next Generation of Researchers in HEAL NINDS NEW YORK UNIVERSITY GOMEZ, KIMBERLY New York, NY 2023
NOFO Title: HEAL Initiative Advanced Postdoctoral-to-Independent Career Transition Award in PAIN and SUD Research to Promote Diversity (K99/R00 Independent Clinical Trial Not Allowed)
NOFO Number: RFA-NS-22-025
Summary:

Neuropathic pain—a debilitating form of chronic pain affecting millions of people—responds poorly to current analgesic treatment approaches. By better understanding the cellular mechanisms and compounds involved in neuropathic pain, researchers will be able to develop more targeted therapeutic approaches. This project will investigate the role that two proteins—Ly6e and Lynx1—play in various processes involved in the development of neuropathic pain, such as the activity of pain-triggering sensory neurons, interactions between neurons and immune cells, and the activity of an ion channel that has been implicated in the generation of pain signals.

1UG3NS135551-01
Translating an MR-guided focused ultrasound system for first-in-human precision neuromodulation of pain circuits Preclinical and Translational Research in Pain Management Translating Discoveries into Effective Devices to Treat Pain NINDS VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER CASKEY, CHARLES F (contact); CHEN, LI MIN Nashville, TN 2023
NOFO Title: Blueprint MedTech Translator (UG3/UH3 - Clinical Trial Optional)
NOFO Number: PAR-21-315
2R44DE029369-02
A Novel Opioid-Free Targeted Pain Control Method for Acute Post-Operative Localized Pain Related to Oral Surgical Procedures Cross-Cutting Research Small Business Programs NINDS REVBIO, INC. JADIA, RAHUL (contact); KAY, GEORGE Lowell, MA 2023
NOFO Title: PHS 2022-2 Omnibus Solicitation of the NIH, CDC and FDA for Small Business Innovation Research Grant Applications (Parent SBIR [R43/R44] Clinical Trial Not Allowed)
NOFO Number: PA-22-176
1R01DA059465-01
The Impact of Central Sleep Apnea in Patients Receiving Medications for Opioid Use Disorder New Strategies to Prevent and Treat Opioid Addiction Sleep Dysfunction as a Core Feature of Opioid Use Disorder and Recovery NIDA UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH PATEL, SANJAY R Pittsburgh, PA 2023
NOFO Title: HEAL Initiative: Sleep Predictors of Opioid-Use Disorder Treatment Outcomes Program (R01 Clinical Trial Optional)
NOFO Number: RFA-DA-23-059
Summary:

Medications used to treat opioid use disorder (OUD) such as methadone and buprenorphine can cause central sleep apnea—a condition in which an individual momentarily stops breathing during sleep. This project will evaluate whether central sleep apnea, by worsening sleep quality and causing low blood oxygen levels, leads to nighttime arousal and emotional distress, which in turn increases the risk of relapse in individuals receiving treatment for OUD.

1RM1DA059365-01
Improving Quality and Equity of Opioid Use Disorder Treatment Using a Multi-State Medicaid Research Network Translation of Research to Practice for the Treatment of Opioid Addiction Optimizing the Quality, Reach, and Impact of Addiction Services NIDA UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH DONOHUE, JULIE MARIE (contact); BARNES, ANDREW JAMES Pittsburgh, PA 2023
NOFO Title: HEAL Initiative: Research to Foster an Opioid Use Disorder Treatment System Patients Can Count On (RM1 - Clinical Trial Optional)
NOFO Number: RFA-DA-23-046
Summary:

Medicaid covers the cost of treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) for most individuals who need it, including minoritized populations and those with risk factors related to low income, education, and employment. The Medicaid Outcomes Distributed Research Network has supported efforts to improve OUD treatment by developing novel measures of treatment quality and examining effects of treatment quality on overdoses. Using this network, this project will leverage university-state partnerships in 12 states to inform quality improvement initiatives and Medicaid policy. The research will develop provider-level quality measures for OUD using Medicaid administrative data and measure patient-reported outcomes. The research will also look for approaches to use claims-based quality measures and practice-level quality improvement strategies to improve treatment outcomes for people with OUD.

1R61DA059889-01
Methadone Patient Access to Collaborative Treatment (MPACT) Translation of Research to Practice for the Treatment of Opioid Addiction Optimizing the Quality, Reach, and Impact of Addiction Services NIDA UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA MEYERSON, BETH Tucson, AZ 2023
NOFO Title: HEAL Initiative: Translating Research to Practice to End the Overdose Crisis (R61/R33 Clinical Trial Optional)
NOFO Number: RFA-DA-23-053
Summary:

Current practices and culture in treatment programs for opioid use disorder, including treatment with methadone, may contribute to treatment interruption and relapse risk. This project will develop and test a staff-level intervention for opioid treatment programs to increase methadone treatment retention and decrease in-treatment overdose and patient- and staff-reported posttraumatic stress symptoms. The intervention includes components to address trauma in patients and staff as well as separate supervisory structures for counselors/case managers and medical providers.

1UG3DA059409-01
Improving Buprenorphine Retention with Transcutaneous Auricular Neurostimulation for Patients with Co-occurring Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Opioid Use Disorder New Strategies to Prevent and Treat Opioid Addiction Optimizing Care for People with Opioid Use Disorder and Mental Health Conditions NIDA UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI SPRUNGER, JOEL GREGORY Cincinnati, OH 2023
NOFO Title: HEAL Initiative: Therapeutics Development for Opioid Use Disorder in Patients with Co-occurring Mental Disorders (UG3/UH3 - Clinical Trial Optional)
NOFO Number: RFA-DA-23-049
Summary:

Drug checking services provide individuals who use drugs with information about the true contents of their purchases, and thus may help prevent overdoses. However, current technologies are either costly, technically complex, and non-portable or subject to false signals and restricted in their detection capabilities. This project will continue development of a new, simple-to-use, point-of-care analytical technology (DoseCheck) that can rapidly detect established drug threats in a sample and recognize newly emerging drugs. The project will also attempt to adapt DoseCheck to provide rapid results in emergency overdose situations and improve the analytical capabilities of medical examiners in under-resourced jurisdictions.

1R01NS131165-01A1
Validation of Neuropilin-1 Receptor Signaling in Nociceptive Processing Preclinical and Translational Research in Pain Management Discovery and Validation of Novel Targets for Safe and Effective Treatment of Pain NINDS NEW YORK UNIVERSITY KHANNA, RAJESH New York, NY 2023
NOFO Title: HEAL Initiative: Discovery and Validation of Novel Targets for Safe and Effective Pain Treatment (R01 Clinical Trial Not Allowed)
NOFO Number: RFA-NS-22-034
Summary:

Neuropilin 1 receptor (NRP1) is a protein receptor that is active in neurons and is hypothesized to be a key mediator of sensory neuron sensitization that can lead to pain. This project will study the cellular mechanisms by which NRP1 leads to sensitization and which cell types—sensory neurons, microglia, or both—are responsible for NRP1’s role in pain. The findings can help validate NRP1 in sensory neurons and the spinal cord as a target to treat pain following nerve injury.

1R01DE033318-01
Understanding the Association Between Sublingual Buprenorphine and Oral Health Outcomes Novel Therapeutic Options for Opioid Use Disorder and Overdose Oral Complications Arising From Pharmacotherapies to Treat Opioid Use Disorders NIDCR UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY ROJAS RAMIREZ, MARCIA VANESSA (contact); OYLER, DOUGLAS Lexington, KY 2023
NOFO Title: HEAL Initiative: Oral Complications Arising from Pharmacotherapies to Treat Opioid Use Disorders (R01 Clinical Trial Not Allowed)
NOFO Number: RFA-DE-23-015
Summary:

Sublingual buprenorphine is a standard treatment for opioid use disorder and is considered safe and effective. However, in 2022 the U.S. Food and Drug Administration advised that buprenorphine is linked to oral disease. However, the underlying studies did not measure when oral disease started, how it progressed, or if other risk factors were present. How sublingual buprenorphine may impact oral health also remains unclear. This project will follow adults in two U.S. states who take sublingual buprenorphine or other medications for opioid use disorder to understand if and how these medications increase the extent, onset, and progression of oral disease, accounting for other risk factors.

1UG3NS135170-01
Predictive Biosignature for Endoscopic Therapy for Chronic Pancreatitis Pain Clinical Research in Pain Management Discovery and Validation of Biomarkers, Endpoints, and Signatures for Pain Conditions NINDS NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE DOAN, LISA (contact); CHEN, ZHE SAGE; GONDA, TAMAS ADAM; PARK, HYUNG; WANG, JING New York, NY 2023
NOFO Title: HEAL Initiative: Discovery of Biomarkers and Biomarker Signatures to Facilitate Clinical Trials for Pain Therapeutics (UG3/UH3 Clinical Trial Optional)
NOFO Number: RFA-NS-22-050
Summary:

Chronic pancreatitis is a painful condition often caused by long-term alcohol use, and patients often require treatment with strong pain medications, including opioids. Therefore, alternative treatments for chronic pancreatitis are needed. This project will use machine learning approaches to create a prediction tool based on electroencephalography analyses, sensory tests, and psychological questionnaires that can help determine which patients with chronic pancreatitis will benefit most from a specific type of treatment called endoscopic therapy.

4R33NS113315-02
Biomarker Signature to Predict the Persistence of Post-Traumatic Headache Clinical Research in Pain Management Discovery and Validation of Biomarkers, Endpoints, and Signatures for Pain Conditions NINDS MAYO CLINIC ARIZONA CHONG, CATHERINE DANIELA Scottsdale, AZ 2023
NOFO Title: Discovery of Biomarkers, Biomarker Signatures, and Endpoints for Pain (R61/R33 Clinical Trial Optional)
NOFO Number: RFA-NS-18-041
1UG3NS131304-01
Development of Positive TMEM97 Modulators for Treating Neuropathic Pain Preclinical and Translational Research in Pain Management Development and Optimization of Non-Addictive Therapies to Treat Pain NINDS NUVONURO, INC. MARTIN, STEPHAN Austin, TX 2023
NOFO Title: HEAL Initiative: Non-addictive Analgesic Therapeutics Development [Small Molecules and Biologics] to Treat Pain (UG3/UH3 Clinical Trial Optional)
NOFO Number: RFA-NS-21-010
Summary:

Neuropathic pain is a debilitating and complex medical condition for which safe and non-addictive treatment options are urgently needed. This project aims to develop new strategies for treating neuropathic pain by controlling the activity of transmembrane protein 97 (TMEM97), also known as the sigma 2 receptor, which has been shown to relieve pain in an animal model of neuropathic pain. The research aims to develop a new molecule that increases TMEM97 activity and is safe for human use, toward obtaining approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for Phase I clinical testing. 

2R44DA048689-02
Beacon-OUD: Behavioral Economic Screening Tool of Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) for Use in Clinical Practice Cross-Cutting Research Small Business Programs NIDA BEAM DIAGNOSTICS, INC. SNIDER, SARAH EMILY Roanoke, VA 2023
NOFO Title: PHS 2021-2 Omnibus Solicitation of the NIH, CDC and FDA for Small Business Innovation Research Grant Applications (Parent SBIR [R43/R44] Clinical Trial Not Allowed)
NOFO Number: PA-21-259
Summary:

Current clinical screening measures for opioid misuse are underused and susceptible to bias. This project will develop Beacon-OUD, a digital opioid misuse assessment. The tool generates an automated, standardized score, preventing potential judgements related to patient’s status and circumstances, limiting stigma. The research will further advance Beacon-OUD into a commercial product for use both as a stand-alone tool and as an electronic health record-integrated solution to encourage objective opioid misuse screening in large health care systems. 

2R44MD015912-03
Clinical Optimization of Ultrasonic Drug Delivery Technologies for Underserved Minority U.S. Veterans in Chronic Pain Cross-Cutting Research Small Business Programs NIMHD ZETROZ SYSTEMS, LLC LEWIS, GEORGE KENNETH Trumbull, CT 2023
NOFO Title: HEAL Initiative: Development of Therapies and Technologies Directed at Enhanced Pain Management (R43/R44 - Clinical Trial Required)
NOFO Number: RFA-NS-20-010
Summary:

Osteoarthritis is one of the most common joint diseases affecting Americans. Osteoarthritis is particularly high among veterans with a service-related disability. This project will develop and refine a wireless ultrasound device that increases the penetration of over-the-counter pain medications into the body, which is expected to reduce pain. The research will conduct safety and clinical testing toward commercializing this technology. 

1R01DA058620-01
Sequential Trial of Adding Buprenorphine, Cognitive Behavioral Treatment, and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Improve Outcomes of Long-Term Opioid Therapy for Chronic Pain (ACTION) Clinical Research in Pain Management Reducing Opioid-Related Harms to Treat Chronic Pain (IMPOWR and MIRHIQL) NIDA MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA BARTH, KELLY S (contact); BORCKARDT, JEFFREY J Charleston, SC 2023
NOFO Title: HEAL Initiative: Multilevel Interventions to Reduce Harm and Improve Quality of Life for Patients on Long Term Opioid Therapy (MIRHIQL) (R01 Clinical Trial Required)
NOFO Number: RFA-DA-23-041
Summary:

There is little evidence available to guide clinical care for patients on long-term opioid therapy for whom risks exceed benefits. Given valid fears about both pain and withdrawal during decreased dosing (tapering), these individuals face challenges, including concerns about being abandoned by providers and uncertainty about the need to discontinue opioids. As such, these patients are hesitant to enroll voluntarily in opioid discontinuation research, further deepening the clinical evidence gap. This project will evaluate three effective and scalable interventions for individuals on long-term opioid therapy: (1) low-dose transdermal buprenorphine (without) of opioid withdrawal, (2) a brief cognitive behavioral intervention for pain, and (3) noninvasive brain stimulation.

1K23DA058751-01
Building and Implementing Best Practices for Buprenorphine Initiation in the Setting of Fentanyl Use Cross-Cutting Research Training the Next Generation of Researchers in HEAL NIDA UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON BHATRAJU, ELENORE Seattle, WA 2023
NOFO Title: HEAL Initiative: Career Development Awards in Implementation Science for Substance Use Prevention and Treatment (K23 - Clinical Trial Required)
NOFO Number: PAS-22-207
Summary:

This project provides protected time for training and research activities that are required for an independent scientific career in delivering evidence-based treatments for people with opioid use disorder. The increasing presence of fentanyl in the drug supply creates challenges for the use of buprenorphine, because both patients and physicians want to avoid causing withdrawal. This research will interview both patients and physicians to understand their concerns and experiences and work with them to develop a buprenorphine induction toolkit to help balance the advantages of buprenorphine treatment against concerns about the potential presence of unknown fentanyl. 

1R01HD113032-01
Predicting Neonatal Health Outcomes From Placental and Fetal Brain Extracellular Vesicles in Pregnant Opioid Users Enhanced Outcomes for Infants and Children Exposed to Opioids The Biology of Opioid Exposure During Pregnancy and Effects on Early Neuro-Behavioral Development NICHD UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON VOJTECH, LUCIA N (contact); CHIU, DANIEL T Seattle,WA 2023
NOFO Title: HEAL Initiative: Opioid Exposure and Effects on Placenta Function, Brain Development, and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes (R01 Clinical Trial Not Allowed)
NOFO Number: RFA-HD-23-037
Summary:

Opioid use during pregnancy is associated with significant harmful health outcomes for infants including preterm birth, neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS), and impaired brain-related problems. Not all infants exposed to opioids develop NOWS, and there is a need for better diagnostic tests. This project will study specialized cell structures called vesicles that are released from the placenta, fetal brain, and central nervous system to communicate information about health of the fetus and placenta. This research on vesicles will be combined with data about NOWS diagnosis up to 1 month after birth. The research aims to generate molecular indicators (biomarkers) that predict which newborns develop NOWS, toward guiding safe and effective treatment for these newborns.

5U24DA055325-02
The HEALthy Brain and Child Development National Consortium Administrative Core Enhanced Outcomes for Infants and Children Exposed to Opioids HEALthy Brain and Child Development Study (HBCD) NIDA UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO CHAMBERS, CHRISTINA (contact); NELSON, CHARLES ALEXANDER La Jolla, CA 2023
NOFO Title: Notice of Special Interest (NOSI): HEAL Initiative: Biospecimen Collection in Pregnancy
NOFO Number: NOT-DA-23-005
Summary:

Opioid use during pregnancy is associated with adverse outcomes for pregnant individuals and offspring. The mechanisms through which these outcomes arise and the consequences of prenatal opioid exposure on child health and development remain largely unexplored. The HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) Study is a nationwide longitudinal prospective study of early child development that will assess a broad spectrum of biological, behavioral, social, and health factors among 7,500 pregnant women and their children from pregnancy to mid-childhood. This supplement will expand the biospecimen collection of the HBCD protocol at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill to include delivery specimens (placenta, cord tissue, and cord blood). This will provide an unprecedented resource-generating opportunity for the larger scientific community to comprehensively evaluate mechanisms that mediate the connection between substance use during pregnancy and adverse neonatal, infant, and/or maternal health outcomes and inform innovative preventive strategies.

1UG3DA058439-01
Transcutaneous Phrenic Nerve Stimulation for Treating Opioid Overdose Novel Therapeutic Options for Opioid Use Disorder and Overdose Focusing Medication Development to Prevent and Treat Opioid Use Disorder and Overdose NIDA CORIDEA, LLC LEVIN, HOWARD (contact); COMER, SANDRA D; GUEDES, ALONSO; WAGENER, GEBHARD New York, NY 2023
NOFO Title: Device-Based Treatments for Substance Use Disorders (UG3/UH3, Clinical Trial Optional)
NOFO Number: PAR-20-279
Summary:

Difficulty breathing is a hallmark symptom of an opioid-related overdose and can result in permanent brain injury or death within minutes. This project will develop a community-deployable Automated External Respiration System device that can restore and sustain breathing in people experiencing opioid-induced respiratory depression. The device stimulates the phrenic nerve in the chest that controls breathing until other medical interventions are available or the patient recovers. The research will develop and validate the automated external respiration system for testing in human research participants and ultimately aims to develop a system usable in a community setting.