Funded Projects

Osteoarthritis is one of the most common joint diseases affecting Americans. Osteoarthritis is particularly high among veterans with a service-related disability. This project will develop and refine a wireless ultrasound device that increases the penetration of over-the-counter pain medications into the body, which is expected to reduce pain. The research will conduct safety and clinical testing toward commercializing this technology. 

This project provides protected time for training and research activities that are required for an independent scientific career in delivering evidence-based treatments for people with opioid use disorder. The increasing presence of fentanyl in the drug supply creates challenges for the use of buprenorphine, because both patients and physicians want to avoid causing withdrawal. This research will interview both patients and physicians to understand their concerns and experiences and work with them to develop a buprenorphine induction toolkit to help balance the advantages of buprenorphine treatment against concerns about the potential presence of unknown fentanyl. 

Opioid use during pregnancy is associated with adverse outcomes for pregnant individuals and offspring. The mechanisms through which these outcomes arise and the consequences of prenatal opioid exposure on child health and development remain largely unexplored. The HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) Study is a nationwide longitudinal prospective study of early child development that will assess a broad spectrum of biological, behavioral, social, and health factors among 7,500 pregnant women and their children from pregnancy to mid-childhood. This supplement will expand the biospecimen collection of the HBCD protocol at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill to include delivery specimens (placenta, cord tissue, and cord blood). This will provide an unprecedented resource-generating opportunity for the larger scientific community to comprehensively evaluate mechanisms that mediate the connection between substance use during pregnancy and adverse neonatal, infant, and/or maternal health outcomes and inform innovative preventive strategies.

Oral cancer pain is debilitating and difficult to treat, in part because even the most effective available pain remedies are limited by side effects. Opioid-based pain medications have several side effects including dependence and tolerance, in which the body gets used to a medicine so that either more medicine is needed or different medicine is needed. Another side effect is hyperalgesia, in which people taking opioids become more sensitive to certain painful stimuli and may misuse the drugs and risk addiction. This project will evaluate lab-made versions of cannabinoid molecules known to block pain signals in nerve cells, but which cannot enter the brain to cause neurological side effects. The research aims to advance promising versions of the molecules to testing in human research participants.

Currently there are no safe, rapidly acting treatments for methamphetamine use disorder and overdose. This project will evaluate a potential treatment: the small molecule CS-1103, which selectively attaches to methamphetamine in the blood. This molecule quickly removes methamphetamine blood and into urine for elimination from the body. The research will evaluate the safety and compatibility of CS-1103 with the human body, toward future clinical testing in humans. 

Although medications for opioid use disorder are effective and available, providers currently lack methods to monitor patients and thus inform improved dosing. This project will develop Strength Band Platform, an innovative artificial intelligence-based digital platform. The wearable device will collect patient physiological characteristics to detect relapse and withdrawal during treatment with medications for opioid use disorder in real-world settings. 

Providing housing and prevention services (often referred to as “housing first”) has great potential to prevent opioid use disorder, continued homelessness, and other problem behaviors among youth experiencing homelessness. However, implementation of these services is challenging because criminal justice system involvement (which is common in this population) often prevents or delays access to housing. This project will explore interactions between criminal justice system involvement and the housing first intervention, toward reducing risks for opioid use and death among justice-involved youth experiencing homelessness

Opioid use during pregnancy is associated with adverse outcomes for pregnant individuals and offspring. The mechanisms through which these outcomes arise and the consequences of prenatal opioid exposure on child health and development remain largely unexplored. The HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) Study is a nationwide longitudinal prospective study of early child development that will assess a broad spectrum of biological, behavioral, social, and health factors among 7,500 pregnant women and their children from pregnancy to mid-childhood. This supplement will expand the biospecimen collection of the HBCD protocol at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill to include delivery specimens (placenta, cord tissue, and cord blood). This will provide an unprecedented resource-generating opportunity for the larger scientific community to comprehensively evaluate mechanisms that mediate the connection between substance use during pregnancy and adverse neonatal, infant, and/or maternal health outcomes and inform innovative preventive strategies. 

Oregon ranks last in the United States for access to substance use services, having passed a novel ballot measure bringing unprecedented funding levels to expand services and decriminalize possession of personal amounts of substances. This project will develop and evaluate a strategy to inform development of the policy. Cross-sector participants (e.g., community service providers, law enforcement, advocates) will co-design protocols for linking and distributing substance use service data through reports, simulations, and dashboards. This research will test the usability of the developed products and their impact of DDS on service gaps, evidence-based decision-making, quality of evidence-based services, service recipient outcomes, and cross-sector collaboration. The research will also help state decision makers implement strategies for other substance use policies.

This project will develop PIDA, which will allow researchers to measure the activity of pain-sensitive human neurons in response to pain stimuli and potential pain treatments. The tool will use automated digital microscopes in the absence or presence of a potential pain medication. Since this tool contains human neurons, it may be more effective at predicting the efficacy of potential pain drugs in human patients than the animal models that are currently used.

There is an urgent and unmet clinical need for a reliable technology to prevent maternal opioid use relapse and neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) in their infants. This project aims to assess risk for these outcomes based on individual genetic and clinical factors. The research will expand previous studies of genetic and clinical predictors of opioid-related adverse outcomes. The goal is to develop a risk predictor algorithm and software tool for use in an electronic health record, toward personalized risk assessment and prevention of maternal relapse and NOWS. 

Decreasing opioid dosing faster than advised by clinical recommendations often leaves chronic pain unaddressed and may increase the risk of overdose and suicide compared to continuing long-term opioid treatment. This project will compare a patient-centered tapering protocol with or without MORE in primary care offices in New Jersey and Utah. The MORE approach integrates training in mindfulness, reappraisal, and savoring to alter behavior away from valuation of drug rewards and toward natural rewards. This research will also identify practices to use MORE in primary care settings.

Opioid use during pregnancy is associated with significant harmful health outcomes for infants including preterm birth, neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome, and impaired brain-related problems. This project will combine advanced imaging of the fetal brain and placenta, genetics, and tissue and blood samples from the placenta to determine how opioid use during pregnancy affects development of the fetal brain and placenta. This research will provide novel and early molecular indicators (biomarkers) to as well as identify new strategies for diagnosing, treating, and preventing opioid harm to the fetus and mother.