Funded Projects

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Project # Project Title Research Focus Area Research Program Administering IC Institution(s) Investigator(s) Location(s) Year Awarded
3UM1NS118922-03S2
Transition from Acute to Chronic Pain After Thoracic Surgery Cross-Cutting Research Increasing Participant Diversity, Inclusion, and Engagement in HEAL Research NINDS UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN BRUMMETT, CHAD M; CHANG, ANDREW CHING-HUNG; CLAUW, DANIEL J; WALJEE, JENNIFER FILIP Ann Arbor, MI 2022
NOFO Title: HEAL Initiative: Notice of Special Interest (NOSI) regarding the Availability of Administrative Supplements to Support Strategies to Increase Participant Diversity, Inclusion and Engagement in Clinical Studies
NOFO Number: NOT-NS-22-066
Summary:

Rigorous and impactful clinical pain research requires participant diversity that reflects the racial/ethnic diversity of affected populations. This project will enhance patient and other community engagement, particularly of underrepresented minorities, to participate in clinical research related to the transition of acute to chronic pain.
3UG3NS123958-01S1
Neuroimmune Mechanisms of a Humanized CCK-B Receptor scFv as Therapy for Chronic Pain Patients Cross-Cutting Research Training the Next Generation of Researchers in HEAL NINDS University of New Mexico WESTLUND-HIGH, KARIN N Albuquerque, NM 2022
NOFO Title: Research Supplements to Promote Diversity in Health-Related Research (Admin Supp Clinical Trial Not Allowed)
NOFO Number: PA21-071
Summary:

There are currently few effective therapies available for chronic nerve injury-induced pain, associated anxiety, and depression. This project aims to extend previous research aiming to uncover the mechanism of action of artificially modified immune molecules (humanized cholecystokinin-2 receptor [CCKBR] single-chain variable fragments [scFv]) on human neurons and how it reverses chronic pain and anxiety-like behaviors in mouse models. This potential treatment approach offers important advantages over existing therapies, including extreme specificity, higher affinity, brain/nerve penetrance, safety, and reduced self-immunogenicity.
3RM1DA055301-01S1
Integrative Treatment for Achieving Holistic Recovery from Comorbid Chronic Pain and Opioid Use Disorder Cross-Cutting Research Training the Next Generation of Researchers in HEAL NIDA UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO WITKIEWITZ, KATIE A; PEARSON, MATTHEW RYAN Albuquerque, NM 2022
NOFO Title: Notice of Special Interest to Encourage Eligible NIH HEAL Initiative Awardees to Apply for PA-20-222: Research Supplements to Promote Diversity in Health-Related Research (Admin Supp - Clinical Trial Not Allowed)
NOFO Number: NOT-NS-20-107; PA-21-071
Summary:

Few integrated treatments are available that simultaneously address the fundamental causes of chronic pain and opioid misuse/opioid use disorder and focus on well-being among individuals with chronic pain and opioid misuse/opioid use disorder. This research will inform development of patient-centered interventions that increase quality of life and engagement in valued activities, are culturally appropriate for use by diverse patient populations, and reduce stigma related to chronic pain and opioid misuse/opioid use disorder. The results of this project will be used to inform future research focused on developing mobile health treatments for individuals with chronic pain and opioid use disorder, and for developing culturally appropriate treatments for chronic pain and opioid use disorder in Hispanic/Latino individuals.
3RM1DA055311-01S1
Community-Partnered Exploration of the Pain-Related Treatment Needs of First-Generation Immigrants Cross-Cutting Research Increasing Participant Diversity, Inclusion, and Engagement in HEAL Research NIDA UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH HAMM, MEGAN; KRAEMER, KEVIN L Pittsburgh, PA 2022
NOFO Title: HEAL Initiative: Notice of Special Interest (NOSI) regarding the Availability of Administrative Supplements to Support Strategies to Increase Participant Diversity, Inclusion and Engagement in Clinical Studies
NOFO Number: NOT-NS-22-066
Summary:

Prior research has shown that chronic pain is common among immigrants and refugees. Cultural preferences for pain management, combined with barriers to healthcare in the United States, result in a lack of effective and accessible pain treatment in these populations. Pain experiences and treatment preferences of non-English-speaking immigrant and refugee communities are poorly understood because of a lack of research conducted in non-English-speaking immigrants’ native languages. This research will develop effective, equitable, and sustainable interventions for individuals with both chronic pain and opioid use disorder: in particular, individuals within Hispanic/Latino and Bhutanese communities.
1R61DA057667-01
CADENCE – Continuous and Data-drivEN CarE Cross-Cutting Research Translating Data 2 Action to Prevent Overdose NIDA UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA FRYER, KIMBERLY (contact); MARSHALL, JENNIFER Tampa, FL 2022
NOFO Title: HEAL Initiative: HEAL Data2Action Innovation Projects (R61/R33 Clinical Trial Optional)
NOFO Number: RFA-DA-22-051
Summary:

Maternal opioid use disorder is the leading cause of death for women who die within a year of giving birth. Many pregnant women do not have access to prenatal care and medications known to be standard of care for opioid use disorder. This project will create, measure, and evaluate costs for an interactive dashboard that collects and analyzes data about maternal, newborn, and infant outcomes for pregnancies affected by opioid use disorder. This research will also monitor mothers’ use of medications for opioid use disorder and the number of infants born with neonatal withdrawal syndrome that require medication treatment.
1K01DA059641-01
Adapting and Implementing a Chronic Disease Self-Management Program for Primary Care Patients with Opioid Use Disorder and Serious Mental Illness Cross-Cutting Research Training the Next Generation of Researchers in HEAL NIDA UNIVERSITY OF UTAH SIANTZ, ELIZABETH Salt Lake City, UT 2023
NOFO Title: Career Development Awards in Implementation Science for Substance Use Prevention and Treatment (K01 - Clinical Trial Required) 
NOFO Number: PAS-22-206
Summary:

Many people with opioid use disorder (OUD) also have a serious mental illness and other chronic conditions, which can be difficult for individuals and primary care providers to manage. A chronic disease self-management program is an established health care model in which peers help to educate patients about their condition(s) and build problem-solving skills to manage their health. Such programs have been effective in other populations and settings, but they have not been adapted for primary care patients who have OUD and SMI. This project will adapt and test a chronic disease self-management program for this population to understand its feasibility, acceptability, impact, and how best to put such programs into place widely in primary care settings.
3R01AT010742-01S1
Examining Trauma Prevalence and Exploring Interoception as a Mechanism of Emotion Regulation in MOUD Cross-Cutting Research Training the Next Generation of Researchers in HEAL NCCIH UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON PRICE, CYNTHIA J; MERRILL, JOSEPH O Seattle, WA 2022
NOFO Title: Notice of Special Interest to Encourage Eligible NIH HEAL Initiative Awardees to Apply for PA-20-222: Research Supplements to Promote Diversity in Health-Related Research (Admin Supp - Clinical Trial Not Allowed)
NOFO Number: NOT-NS-20-107; PA-21-071
Summary:

Effective treatments for opioid use disorder need to address the complex needs of patients, which may include mental health problems and substantial chronic pain. This project will measure lifetime trauma experienced by men and women who take medication for opioid use disorder, as well analyze the association between types of trauma and symptomatic distress. The project will also explore whether an individual’s perceptions of sensations from inside their body (interoceptive awareness) affect emotional control and mental health. This research will fill knowledge gaps i critical to better understanding opioid use disorder treatment and relapse.
3U01DK123786-01S1
Randomized ESRD Trial COmparing CBT alone VERsus with buprenorphine (RECOVER) Cross-Cutting Research Increasing Participant Diversity, Inclusion, and Engagement in HEAL Research NIDDK UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON MEHROTRA, RAJNISH Seattle, WA 2022
NOFO Title: HEAL Initiative: Notice of Special Interest (NOSI) regarding the Availability of Administrative Supplements to Support Strategies to Increase Participant Diversity, Inclusion and Engagement in Clinical Studies
NOFO Number: NOT-NS-22-066
Summary:

Pain is a common problem for people with end-stage renal disease that receive hemodialysis. Opioid use rates in this population are almost three times that of the general U.S. population over 65, putting them at significant risk for addiction. This research is testing treatments to manage chronic pain in this patient population. This project will develop educational materials to overcome barriers to telehealth toward enhancing research participation by American Indian/Alaska Native communities.
1R61DA057600-01
Using Data to Drive Action to Reduce Opioid Overdoses in Seattle, WA Cross-Cutting Research Translating Data 2 Action to Prevent Overdose NIDA UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON BANTA-GREEN, CALEB (contact); HOOD, JULIA ELIZABETH Seattle, WA 2022
NOFO Title: HEAL Initiative: HEAL Data2Action Innovation Projects (R61/R33 Clinical Trial Optional)
NOFO Number: RFA-DA-22-051
Summary:

This project will use a data-to-action framework to guide implementation of opioid use disorder treatment and harm reduction interventions based on rapid data analysis. It will leverage existing data systems such as Emergency Medical Services (EMS) reports, mobile integrated health case management data, and medical examiner data for near real-time data analyses, visualization, and action planning. This research will collect a range of data (opioid treatment, use of acute care services, morbidity, mortality, incarceration, housing support, and cost benefits) from a sub-acute stabilization center for people at high risk for opioid overdose, including those who have recently overdosed and are referred and transported by EMS teams.
1K23DA058751-01
Building and Implementing Best Practices for Buprenorphine Initiation in the Setting of Fentanyl Use Cross-Cutting Research Training the Next Generation of Researchers in HEAL NIDA UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON BHATRAJU, ELENORE Seattle, WA 2023
NOFO Title: HEAL Initiative: Career Development Awards in Implementation Science for Substance Use Prevention and Treatment (K23 - Clinical Trial Required)
NOFO Number: PAS-22-207
Summary:

This project provides protected time for training and research activities that are required for an independent scientific career in delivering evidence-based treatments for people with opioid use disorder. The increasing presence of fentanyl in the drug supply creates challenges for the use of buprenorphine, because both patients and physicians want to avoid causing withdrawal. This research will interview both patients and physicians to understand their concerns and experiences and work with them to develop a buprenorphine induction toolkit to help balance the advantages of buprenorphine treatment against concerns about the potential presence of unknown fentanyl. 
1R21AG082344-01
Using Secondary Analyses to Test Novel Pathways Linking Family Stress and Pain Incidence and Persistence Among African Americans Cross-Cutting Research Leveraging Existing and Real-Time Opioid and Pain Management Data NIA UT SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER WOODS, SARAH B Dallas, TX 2022
NOFO Title: HEAL Initiative: Secondary Analysis and Integration of Existing Data Related to Acute and Chronic Pain Development or Managementin Humans (R21 Clinical Trials Not Allowed)
NOFO Number: RFA-DE-22-011
Summary:

Chronic pain is a persistent source of disability and reduced quality of life for aging adults. Chronic pain-related outcomes are disproportionately worse for aging African Americans, who report greater pain severity and worse pain-related disability compared to White peers. A significant pain risk factor for African Americans is chronic stress (including family-related stress), which is worsened by structural inequities that affect this population. Although many African Americans identify family support as critical for pain self-management, this influence has not been studied thoroughly. This project will study how pain conditions develop and persist for aging African Americans by analyzing existing data from African American participants in two large aging studies: Midlife in the U.S. (721 participants) and the Health and Retirement Study (2,698 participants). The research aims to determine how family emotional climate affects pain risk, taking into account structural factors like discrimination, socioeconomic disparity, and the influence of various neighborhood settings.
1R43HD111082-01A1
Novel Venous Device for the Treatment of Chronic Pelvic Pain Cross-Cutting Research Small Business Programs NICHD V-FLOW MEDICAL, INC. BRENNEMAN, RODNEY San Juan Capistrano, CA 2023
NOFO Title: HEAL Initiative: Development of Therapies and Technologies Directed at Enhanced Pain Management (R43/R44 - Clinical Trial Not Allowed)
NOFO Number: RFA-NS-20-011
Summary:

Pelvic venous compression is a common cause of chronic pelvic pain in women. Because many women do not receive an accurate diagnosis for the cause of their pelvic pain, some take opioids to help manage their symptoms. This project will further develop a new diagnostic system specifically designed to treat limited blood flow in pelvic region. This system visualizes pelvic veins toward development of a method to relieve pressure that causes pain. 
1R43TR004743-01
The Pain in a Dish Assay (PIDA): A High Throughput System Featuring Human Stem Cell-Derived Nociceptors and Dorsal Horn Neurons to Test Compounds for Analgesic Activity Cross-Cutting Research Small Business Programs NCATS VALA SCIENCES, INC. MCDONOUGH, PATRICK M San Diego, CA 2023
NOFO Title: HEAL INITIATIVE: Development of Therapies and Technologies Directed at Enhanced Pain Management (R43/R44 Clinical Trial Not Allowed)
NOFO Number: RFA-NS-23-006
Summary:

This project will develop PIDA, which will allow researchers to measure the activity of pain-sensitive human neurons in response to pain stimuli and potential pain treatments. The tool will use automated digital microscopes in the absence or presence of a potential pain medication. Since this tool contains human neurons, it may be more effective at predicting the efficacy of potential pain drugs in human patients than the animal models that are currently used.
1R41NS132625-01A1
Opioid-Sparing Non-Surgical, Bioresorbable Nerve Stimulator for Pain Relief Cross-Cutting Research Small Business Programs NINDS VANISH THERAPEUTICS INC. CUI, XINYAN TRACY Mars, PA 2023
NOFO Title: HEAL Initiative: Development of Therapies and Technologies Directed at Enhanced Pain Management (R41/R42 Clinical Trial Not Allowed)
NOFO Number: RFA-NS-23-007
Summary:

Nerve stimulators are devices surgically implanted near a peripheral nerve or on the spinal cord that use electrical signals to reduce the perception of pain. Although these devices can provide effective pain relief to patients, many have high complication rates, resulting from the wire moving, breaking, not working, or the implantable battery pack or permanent wire causing new pain. This project will support the development and animal testing of a peripheral nerve stimulator to treat chronic pain which can be implanted without surgery. Once injected, the device will provide pain relief through electrical stimulation and then be safely degraded and resorbed by the body.
1K23DA058785-01
Addressing the Readiness Gap: An eHealth Intervention to Increase Patient Motivation for Evidence-Based Chronic Pain Interventions and Reduced Opioid Reliance Cross-Cutting Research Training the Next Generation of Researchers in HEAL NIDA VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY CROUCH, TAYLOR BERENS Richmond, VA 2023
NOFO Title: Career Development Awards in Implementation Science for Substance Use Prevention and Treatment (K23 - Clinical Trial Required)
NOFO Number: PAS-22-207
Summary:

Evidence-based behavioral treatments for pain are among the most effective and safe approaches, but they are underused, especially among patients taking opioids long-term. Despite known risks to long-term opioid therapy (including opioid use disorder and overdoses), patients may be reluctant to try something different to manage their pain. This project brings together two evidence-based behavior change interventions—motivational interviewing and contingency management—into an online format. The research will test whether web-based tools or mobile apps influence a patient’s willingness to consider using non-medication treatments for pain. The research will assess feasibility, acceptability to patients and providers, and broad-scale implementation.
1R21DE032583-01
Predicting Pediatric Sickle Cell Disease Acute Pain Using Mathematical Models Based on mHealth Data Cross-Cutting Research Leveraging Existing and Real-Time Opioid and Pain Management Data NIDCR VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY VALRIE, CECELIA R (contact); MCGEE, REGINALD Richmond, VA 2022
NOFO Title: HEAL Initiative: Secondary Analysis and Integration of Existing Data Related to Acute and Chronic Pain Development or Management in Humans (R21 Clinical Trials Not Allowed)
NOFO Number: RFA-DE-22-011
Summary:

Sickle cell disease is an inherited blood disorder affecting about 100,000 Americans and more than 20 million people worldwide. It is caused by a mutation in the gene for beta-globin that results in the characteristic sickled shape of red blood cells, life-long severe pain, and shortened lifespan. Sickle cell disease pain episodes are usually unanticipated, making it hard for people with the condition to manage their pain and putting them at risk for increased use of opioids and poor health outcomes. This project will use existing real-time health data to identify factors that can predict onset, severity, and worsening of daily pain in children with sickle cell disease.
1R44DA058467-01
Development of a Novel Calcium Channel Therapeutic for Opioid Use Disorder Cross-Cutting Research Small Business Programs NIDA VIVREON BIOSCIENCES, LLC GREENBERG, MILTON L San Diego, CA 2023
NOFO Title: Developing Regulated Therapeutic and Diagnostic Solutions for Patients Affected by Opioid and/or Stimulants use Disorders (OUD/StUD) (R43/R44 - Clinical Trial Optional)
NOFO Number: RFA-DA-23-021
Summary:

Hospitalized patients often receive opioids for pain and sleep management, which can contribute to opioid dependence and continued use after leaving the hospital. Even when hospital stays are extended to wean people from opioids, these patients remain at increased risk for opioid use disorder and withdrawal.  This project will develop a novel small molecule medication that blocks nerve inflammation to prevent opioid dependence in hospitalized patients receiving opioids. 
1U24DA057612-01
WF DISC: Navigating Data Solutions for Chronic Pain and Opioid Use Disorder Cross-Cutting Research Translating Data 2 Action to Prevent Overdose NIDA WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES ADAMS, MEREDITH C B Winston-Salem, NC 2022
NOFO Title: HEAL Initiative: HEAL Data2Action Data Infrastructure Support Center (U24 Clinical Trial Optional)
NOFO Number: RFA-DA-22-052
Summary:

This project creates the HEAL Data2Action Data Infrastructure Support Center that will conduct research as well as support the HEAL Data2Action Innovation Projects with analytics and support for navigating electronic health records and other “big data” sources, as well as logistical processes related to privacy and ethics. The center will help plan for data collection and assessing outcomes, as well as provide data visualization efforts for various stakeholders. Key support mechanisms include courses, seminars, conferences, trainings, and on-demand technical assistance.
3R24DA055306-01S1
Wake Forest IMPOWR Dissemination Education and Coordination Center (IDEA-CC) Cross-Cutting Research Leveraging Existing and Real-Time Opioid and Pain Management Data NIDA WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES ADAMS, MEREDITH C B Winston-Salem, NC 2022
NOFO Title: Administrative Supplements to Existing NIH Grants and Cooperative Agreements (Parent Admin Supp Clinical Trial Optional)
NOFO Number: PA-20-272
Summary:

This research provides support to strengthen data management, data sharing, and data readiness efforts within the HEAL Initiative. This support further fosters collaboration among HEAL awardees and enables maximal data discoverability, interoperability, and reuse by aligning with the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) principles. It also provides an opportunity for existing HEAL Initiative award recipients to increase data “FAIR”-ness, participate in coordinated HEAL Initiative activities to build community around data sharing, and foster sustainability of HEAL Initiative digital assets.
1K01DA058750-01
Leveraging mHealth to Increase Health Equity Among Black Individuals with OUD and Commonly Occurring Mental Health Disorders Cross-Cutting Research Training the Next Generation of Researchers in HEAL NIDA WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY SZLYK, HANNAH Saint Louis, MO 2023
NOFO Title: HEAL Initiative: Career Development Awards in Implementation Science for Substance Use Prevention and Treatment (K01 - Clinical Trial Required)
NOFO Number: PAS-22-206
Summary:

This project provides protected time for training and research activities that are required for an independent scientific career in the development, testing, and implementation of cutting-edge digital therapies and tools (such as smartphone apps and other web-based resources) that can promote health equity in treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD). The research will adapt and test digital overdose prevention and recovery support interventions for Black Americans with co-occurring OUD and mental illness. 
1R44DA058431-01
Development of an AI-Empowered Device that Utilizes Multimodal Data-Visualization to Aid in the Diagnosis, and Treatment, of OUD Cross-Cutting Research Small Business Programs NIDA WAVI COMPANY ARESE LUCINI, FRANCESCA Englewood, CO 2023
NOFO Title: Developing Regulated Therapeutic and Diagnostic Solutions for Patients Affected by Opioid and/or Stimulants use Disorders (OUD/StUD) (R43/R44 - Clinical Trial Optional)
NOFO Number: RFA-DA-23-021
Summary:

There are a lack of clinical tools to effectively identify and monitor opioid use disorder (OUD). This project will develop and test a clinically usable device that uses a range of data inputs and an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm to help health care providers diagnose and treat OUD. The research aims to help providers choose treatment plans and monitor the timing of release from rehabilitation clinics.
1U24DA057650-01
HEAL Data2Action Modeling and Economic Resource Center Cross-Cutting Research Translating Data 2 Action to Prevent Overdose NIDA WEILL MEDICAL COLL OF CORNELL UNIV SCHACKMAN, BRUCE R (contact); LINAS, BENJAMIN P; MCCOLLISTER, KATHRYN E New York, NY 2022
NOFO Title: HEAL Initiative: HEAL Data2Action Modeling and Economic Resource Center (U24 Clinical Trial Optional)
NOFO Number: RFA-DA-22-049
Summary:

This project creates the HEAL Data2Action Modeling and Economic Resource Center that will conduct research as well as support the HEAL Data2Action Innovation Projects with expertise and consultation about simulation modeling and economic evaluation methods. The consultation service will advise on how to select and use various research methods, including economic evaluation, simulation modeling, advanced statistical analysis, behavioral economics, treatment program organization research, and cost analysis. The center will use a dynamic simulation model of opioid use disorder to enhance data-driven decision making. The center will also provide online training resources, tools, and other resources to assess a variety of economic aspects related to the HEAL Data2Action Innovation Projects.
1R61DA059169-01
Leveraging Data to Action: Accelerating Emergency Department OUD Care by Improving Data Access and Infrastructure Cross-Cutting Research Translating Data 2 Action to Prevent Overdose NIDA YALE UNIVERSITY VENKATESH, ARJUN KRISHNA (contact); HAWK, KATHRYN; TAYLOR, RICHARD ANDREW New Haven, CO 2023
NOFO Title: HEAL Initiative: HEAL Data2Action – Innovation and Acceleration Projects, Phased Awards (R61/R33, Clinical Trial Optional)
NOFO Number: RFA-DA-23-057
Summary:

Emergency departments (EDs) are key settings for identifying and treating opioid use disorder (OUD), but EDs are underused for this purpose. This project aims to develop a data system that automates and integrates electronic health record and administrative data from EDs into the Clinical Emergency Department Registry, partnering with the American College of Emergency Physicians. The research will assess the digital readiness of ED systems before developing and deploying the enhanced ED OUD data infrastructure. This research aims to guide near-real time hospital quality improvement initiatives, toward development of a web-based, near-real time dashboard that can be used in EDs across the country.
1R21AT012430-01
Pain Management Strategies, Associated Psychological Variables, and Outcomes in Critical Limb Ischemia Cross-Cutting Research Leveraging Existing and Real-Time Opioid and Pain Management Data NIDCR YALE UNIVERSITY SMOLDEREN, KIM GERMAINE (contact); MENA-HURTADO, CARLOS New Haven, CT 2022
NOFO Title: HEAL Initiative: Secondary Analysis and Integration of Existing Data Related to Acute and Chronic Pain Development or Management in Humans (R21 Clinical Trials Not Allowed)
NOFO Number: RFA-DE-22-011
Summary:

Critical limb ischemia is the most severe form of peripheral artery disease, is very painful, and can lead to amputation and even death. Most patients with this condition live with chronic pain, but comprehensive and effective treatment is lacking. This project will use existing data from three databases to study medical pain management approaches used over time by individuals with critical limb ischemia – toward creating an integrated, patient-centered, and multimodal pain management approach for this condition.
3UG1DA015831-21S3
National Institute on Drug Abuse Clinical Trial Network: New England Consortium Node Cross-Cutting Research Training the Next Generation of Researchers in HEAL NIDA Yale University D’ONOFRIO, GAIL New Haven, CT 2022
NOFO Title: Notice of Special Interest to Encourage Eligible NIH HEAL Initiative Awardees to Apply for PA-20-222: Research Supplements to Promote Diversity in Health-Related Research (Admin Supp - Clinical Trial Not Allowed)
NOFO Number: NOT-NS-20-107
Summary:

The goal of this project is to discover potential targets for emergency department-based interventions that could enhance access to addiction treatment among Black and Latino individuals, who face significant disparities in access to ongoing addiction treatment. Through qualitative interviews with Black, Latino, and non-Latino White patients receiving emergency department-initiated buprenorphine, the research will identify patterns of barriers and facilitators for continuation of opioid use disorder treatment outside of the emergency department through a referral. The study will also evaluate differences in factors previously identified as predictors of worse treatment outcomes in these patient groups, including opioid overdose, polysubstance use, major depressive disorder, and stigma.