Funded Projects

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Project # Sort ascending	Project Title	Research Focus Area	Research Program	Administering IC	Institution(s)	Investigator(s)	Location(s)	Year Awarded
U01DA058548-01	Clinical Development of a Therapeutic Agent for Rapid Reversal of Methamphetamine Intoxication	Novel Therapeutic Options for Opioid Use Disorder and Overdose	Focusing Medication Development to Prevent and Treat Opioid Use Disorder and Overdose	NIDA	CLEAR SCIENTIFIC, LLC	LI, XINHUA	Cambridge, MA	2023
NOFO Title: Grand Opportunity in Medications Development for Substance-Use Disorders (U01 - Clinical Trial Optional) NOFO Number: PAR-19-327 Summary: Currently there are no safe, rapidly acting treatments for methamphetamine use disorder and overdose. This project will evaluate a potential treatment: the small molecule CS-1103, which selectively attaches to methamphetamine in the blood. This molecule quickly removes methamphetamine blood and into urine for elimination from the body. The research will evaluate the safety and compatibility of CS-1103 with the human body, toward future clinical testing in humans.
5UG3DA048385-02	Development of novel therapeutics for opioid dependence	Novel Therapeutic Options for Opioid Use Disorder and Overdose	Focusing Medication Development to Prevent and Treat Opioid Use Disorder and Overdose	NIDA	ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI	Kenny, Paul J.	New York, NY	2019
NOFO Title: Development of Medications to Prevent and Treat Opioid Use Disorders and Overdose (UG3/UH3) (Clinical Trial Optional) NOFO Number: DA19-002
5UG3DA047714-02	Feasibility of Deep Brain Stimulation as a Novel Treatment for Refractory Opioid Use Disorder	Novel Therapeutic Options for Opioid Use Disorder and Overdose	Focusing Medication Development to Prevent and Treat Opioid Use Disorder and Overdose	NIDA	WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY	Rezai, Ali R	Morgantown, WV	2019
NOFO Title: Device-Based Treatments for Substance Use Disorders (UG3/UH3, Clinical Trial Optional) NOFO Number: PAR-18-494
5UG3DA047682-02	PF614 MPAR Abuse Deterrent opioid prodrug with overdose protection: Pre-Clinical Development and Phase 1 Clinical Trial	Novel Therapeutic Options for Opioid Use Disorder and Overdose	Focusing Medication Development to Prevent and Treat Opioid Use Disorder and Overdose	NIDA	ENSYSCE BIOSCIENCES, INC.	Kirkpatrick,Lynn	San Diego, CA	2019
NOFO Title: Development of Medications to Prevent and Treat Opioid Use Disorders and Overdose (UG3/UH3) (Clinical Trial Optional) NOFO Number: DA19-002
3UH3DA047714-04S1	Feasibility of Deep Brain Stimulation as a Novel Treatment for Refractory Opioid Use Disorder	Novel Therapeutic Options for Opioid Use Disorder and Overdose	Focusing Medication Development to Prevent and Treat Opioid Use Disorder and Overdose	NIDA	WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY	REZAI, ALI R	Morgantown, WV	2023
NOFO Title: Feasibility of Deep Brain Stimulation as a Novel Treatment for Refractory Opioid Use Disorder NOFO Number: PA-20-272 Summary: Novel treatments for opioid use disorder are critically needed as the addiction and overdose crises continue. Neuromodulation is a promising supplemental treatment to standard care. The overarching project seeks to evaluate low-intensity focused ultrasound that targets the nucleus accumbens, a primary component of the brain’s reward neurocircuitry. This supplement will expand the number of participants in part of the study and will increase the project’s overall impact consistent with the original objectives and aims of the parent grant.
3UH3DA047700-05S2	Biased Mu-Opioid Receptor Analgesics to Prevent Overdose and Opioid Use Disorders	Novel Therapeutic Options for Opioid Use Disorder and Overdose	Focusing Medication Development to Prevent and Treat Opioid Use Disorder and Overdose	NIDA	MEBIAS DISCOVERY, INC	KUO, LAWRENCE C (contact); BARRETT, JAMES E	Philadelphia, PA	2023
NOFO Title: Biased Mu-Opioid Receptor Analgesics to Prevent Overdose and Opioid Use Disorders NOFO Number: PA-20-272 Summary: There is an urgent need for a new generation of non-addictive, pain-relieving medications that do not cause problematic side effects like breathing problems or constipation. The overarching project is testing a new potential medication that interacts in a new way with the opioid system in human research participants. This supplement will help cover costs associated with the Safety Review Committee meeting required by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
3UG3DA048502-01A1S2	Non-invasive vagal nerve stimulation in opioid use disorders	Novel Therapeutic Options for Opioid Use Disorder and Overdose	Focusing Medication Development to Prevent and Treat Opioid Use Disorder and Overdose	NIDA	EMORY UNIVERSITY	BREMNER, JAMES DOUGLAS	Atlanta, GA	2021
NOFO Title: Notice of Special Interest to Encourage Eligible NIH HEAL Initiative Awardees to Apply for PA-20-222: Research Supplements to Promote Diversity in Health-Related Research (Admin Supp - Clinical Trial Not Allowed) NOFO Number: NOT-NS-20-107 Summary: This research will expand the understanding of the effects of non-invasive vagal nerve stimulation on patients with opioid use disorder by examining the relationship between nerve stimulation and treatment, respiratory physiology, withdrawal symptoms, and relapse. Additionally, these relationships will be added to existing algorithms and equipment being developed by the Inan Research Lab at the Georgia Institute of Technology. Collecting and determining the quality of conventional respiration signals, as well as collecting high-resolution impedance based respiratory measurements, will help to determine the impact of non-invasive vagal nerve stimulation on breathing and lung function in people with opioid use disorder, toward development of a profile of physiological effects of non-invasive vagal nerve stimulation during opioid withdrawal.
3UG3DA048351-01S1	A Phase I/IIa Clinical Trial Testing the Safety and Immunogenicity of a Heroin Vaccine and its Efficacy Against Morphine Challenge.	Novel Therapeutic Options for Opioid Use Disorder and Overdose	Focusing Medication Development to Prevent and Treat Opioid Use Disorder and Overdose	NIDA	HENRY M. JACKSON FDN FOR THE ADV MIL/MED	MATYAS, GARY R	Bethesda, MD	2019
NOFO Title: Development of Medications to Prevent and Treat Opioid Use Disorders and Overdose (UG3/UH3) (Clinical Trial Optional) NOFO Number: RFA-DA-19-002
3UG3DA047793-01S1	tDCS to decrease opioid relapse	Novel Therapeutic Options for Opioid Use Disorder and Overdose	Focusing Medication Development to Prevent and Treat Opioid Use Disorder and Overdose	NIDA	BUTLER HOSPITAL (PROVIDENCE, RI)	Abrantes, Ana M	Providence, RI	2019
NOFO Title: Administrative Supplements to Existing NIH Grants and Cooperative Agreements (Parent Admin Supp Clinical Trial Optional) NOFO Number: PA-18-591 Summary: Neurostimulation techniques, such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), have been used as interventions for substance use disorders. This is a supplement to the currently NIDA-funded UG3 DA047793, “tDCS to Decrease Opioid Relapse,” which will measure behavioral and brain responses following tDCS stimulation delivered during tasks that use a particular brain network involved in cognitive control, and utilizing FMRI to assess the effects. This supplement allows the researchers to add an EEG measurement to the study, to get a complete picture of how tDCS might affect the function of key brain networks in ways that could be helpful for SUDs.
3UG3DA047720-01S1	Evaluation of safety and pharmacokinetics of naltrexone implant	Novel Therapeutic Options for Opioid Use Disorder and Overdose	Focusing Medication Development to Prevent and Treat Opioid Use Disorder and Overdose	NIDA	NEW YORK STATE PSYCHIATRIC INSTITUTE	Bisaga, Adam	New York, NY	2019
NOFO Title: Administrative Supplements to Existing NIH Grants and Cooperative Agreements (Parent Admin Supp Clinical Trial Optional) NOFO Number: PA-18-591 Summary: New medication treatment approaches are needed to help address the severe epidemic of opioid use disorder (OUD) and opioid overdose deaths in the U.S. Currently available medications, such as methadone, buprenorphine, and extended release injection naltrexone (XR-NTX; trade name: Vivitrol), are highly efficacious, but their effectiveness in practice is limited by poor adherence, with many patients stopping treatment prematurely and relapsing. The goal of this proposal is to develop an innovative long-acting subcutaneous implanted formulation of naltrexone, the O’Neil Long-Acting Naltrexone Implant (OLANI), toward FDA approval. Expected to produce naltrexone blood levels sufficient to block the effects of opioids for 6 months after implant, OLANI circumvents the need for adherence to monthly injections with XR-NTX and could represent an important new addition to the medical armamentarium for treatment of OUD.
3UG3DA047711-02S1	PHASE 1A/1B CLINICAL TRIALS OF MULTIVALENT OPIOID VACCINE COMPONENTS	Novel Therapeutic Options for Opioid Use Disorder and Overdose	Focusing Medication Development to Prevent and Treat Opioid Use Disorder and Overdose	NIDA	NEW YORK STATE PSYCHIATRIC INSTITUTE	COMER, SANDRA D; PRAVETONI, MARCO	New York, NY	2019
NOFO Title: Development of Medications to Prevent and Treat Opioid Use Disorders and Overdose (UG3/UH3) (Clinical Trial Optional) NOFO Number: RFA-DA-19-002 Summary: Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a serious public health problem that is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. The proposed Phase 1a/1b studies are designed to evaluate a novel treatment strategy for OUD. Specifically, the safety, immunogenicity and preliminary efficacy of a vaccine (OXY-KLH) targeted against oxycodone (Study 1) and a vaccine (M-KLH) targeted against heroin/morphine (Study 2) will be evaluated in participants diagnosed with OUD.
1UG3DA059286-01	A Therapeutic Agent to Lower the Level of Synthetic Opioids in the Body	Novel Therapeutic Options for Opioid Use Disorder and Overdose	Focusing Medication Development to Prevent and Treat Opioid Use Disorder and Overdose	NIDA	CLEAR SCIENTIFIC, LLC	LI, XINHUA	Cambridge, MA	2023
NOFO Title: Development of Medications to Prevent and Treat Opioid and/or Stimulant Use Disorders and Overdose (UG3/UH3 - Clinical Trial Optional) NOFO Number: PAR-22-200 Summary: There is an urgent need for longer acting opioid overdose reversal medications to treat acute fentanyl intoxication and overdose. This project will develop a novel molecule (CS-1103) that sticks to fentanyl and removes it from the body. Previous research with animal models shows that CS-1103 has several features that make it attractive for a new medication. It can reverse fentanyl-induced respiratory depression, preventing another overdose; work in combination with naloxone; and appears to be safe and well-tolerated. The research will continue exploration of CS-1103 toward testing CS-1103 in human research participants.
1UG3DA059285-01	Development of Cebranopadol, a Potent Dual MOP/NOP Agonist, for the Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder (OUD)	Novel Therapeutic Options for Opioid Use Disorder and Overdose	Focusing Medication Development to Prevent and Treat Opioid Use Disorder and Overdose	NIDA	PARK THERAPEUTICS, INC.	GRIECO, JOSEPH (contact); GREENWALD, MARK K; CICCOCIOPPO, ROBERTO	Morristown, NJ	2023
NOFO Title: Development of Medications to Prevent and Treat Opioid and/or Stimulant Use Disorders and Overdose (UG3/UH3 - Clinical Trial Optional) NOFO Number: PAR-22-200 Summary: There is an urgent need for improved medications to treat OUD. This project will test cebranopadol, a novel synthetic medication that interacts in a new way with the human opioid system as a safe and potentially effective alternative treatment for OUD. The research will test the safety and efficacy of cebranopadol in preclinical and clinical studies, toward guiding future research to support potential approval of this medication by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
1UG3DA059270-01	Long-Acting Biodegradable Buprenorphine Depots	Novel Therapeutic Options for Opioid Use Disorder and Overdose	Focusing Medication Development to Prevent and Treat Opioid Use Disorder and Overdose	NIDA	PURDUE UNIVERSITY	OTTE, ANDREW	West Lafayette, IN	2023
NOFO Title: Development of Medications to Prevent and Treat Opioid and/or Stimulant Use Disorders and Overdose (UG3/UH3 - Clinical Trial Optional) NOFO Number: PAR-22-200 Summary: Buprenorphine is an effective treatment for opioid use disorder, but its use is limited due to the need for frequent dosing. This project will optimize the molecular features of an injectable, biodegradable, long-acting (3-month) buprenorphine implant that would not require surgical removal. The research aims to advance toward testing in human research participants.
1UG3DA058553-01	Development of Sigma Receptor/DAT Dual-Targeting Compounds to Treat Stimulant Use Disorder	Novel Therapeutic Options for Opioid Use Disorder and Overdose	Focusing Medication Development to Prevent and Treat Opioid Use Disorder and Overdose	NIDA	SPARIAN BIOSCIENCES, INC.	REICH, JEFFREY	New York, NY	2023
NOFO Title: Development of Medications to Prevent and Treat Opioid Use Disorders and Overdose (UG3/UH3) (Clinical Trial Optional) NOFO Number: PAR-20-092 Summary: An increasing number of Americans use multiple drugs at the same time, and overdose deaths from stimulants have increased. However, there are no available treatments for stimulant use disorder. This project aims to develop new treatment (SBS-518) for cocaine use disorder. Previous research using animal models showed that SBS-518 decreases stimulant self-administration without being rewarding itself. The research will continue the development of SBS-518 toward testing in human research participants.
1UG3DA058552-01	Development of a Potent and Selective NaV1.8 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Acute and Chronic Pain with the Goal of Reducing Opioid Use and Preventing Opioid Use Disorders	Novel Therapeutic Options for Opioid Use Disorder and Overdose	Focusing Medication Development to Prevent and Treat Opioid Use Disorder and Overdose	NIDA	SITEONE THERAPEUTICS, INC.	HUNTER, JOHN CURETON (contact); MULCAHY, JOHN VINCENT	South San Francisco, CA	2023
NOFO Title: Development of Medications to Prevent and Treat Opioid Use Disorders and Overdose (UG3/UH3) (Clinical Trial Optional) NOFO Number: PAR-20-092 Summary: The sodium channel NaV1.8 is a promising target for the development of effective, non-addictive pain medications. Recent evidence from clinical studies indicates that medications that target NaV1.8 are effective at managing postoperative, neuropathic, and inflammatory pain, but with side effects and prohibitively high cost. This project will test the safety and compatibility in the body of an NaV1.8-targeted molecule, toward developing an effective, non-addictive, once daily oral medication for the treatment of acute postsurgical pain and chronic neuropathic.
1UG3DA058544-01A1	Antibody-based therapy for fentanyl-related opioid use disorder	Novel Therapeutic Options for Opioid Use Disorder and Overdose	Focusing Medication Development to Prevent and Treat Opioid Use Disorder and Overdose	NIDA	MCLEAN HOSPITAL	DESAI, RAJEEV INDRAJIT (contact); BREMER, PAUL T	Belmont, MA	2023
NOFO Title: Development of Medications to Prevent and Treat Opioid and/or Stimulant Use Disorders and Overdose (UG3/UH3 - Clinical Trial Optional) NOFO Number: PAR-22-200
1UG3DA058439-01	Transcutaneous Phrenic Nerve Stimulation for Treating Opioid Overdose	Novel Therapeutic Options for Opioid Use Disorder and Overdose	Focusing Medication Development to Prevent and Treat Opioid Use Disorder and Overdose	NIDA	CORIDEA, LLC	LEVIN, HOWARD (contact); COMER, SANDRA D; GUEDES, ALONSO; WAGENER, GEBHARD	New York, NY	2023
NOFO Title: Device-Based Treatments for Substance Use Disorders (UG3/UH3, Clinical Trial Optional) NOFO Number: PAR-20-279 Summary: Difficulty breathing is a hallmark symptom of an opioid-related overdose and can result in permanent brain injury or death within minutes. This project will develop a community-deployable Automated External Respiration System device that can restore and sustain breathing in people experiencing opioid-induced respiratory depression. The device stimulates the phrenic nerve in the chest that controls breathing until other medical interventions are available or the patient recovers. The research will develop and validate the automated external respiration system for testing in human research participants and ultimately aims to develop a system usable in a community setting.
1UG3DA057853-01	Naltrexone Transdermal Patch - An Accessible, Patient-Focused Option to Treat OUD Relapse	Novel Therapeutic Options for Opioid Use Disorder and Overdose	Focusing Medication Development to Prevent and Treat Opioid Use Disorder and Overdose	NIDA	LIBERO PHARMA LIMITED	GARDINER, ANDREW	Edinburgh, United Kingdom	2022
NOFO Title: Development of Medications to Prevent and Treat Opioid Use Disorders and Overdose (UG3/UH3) NOFO Number: PAR-20-092 Summary: Naltrexone is the only medication approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to prevent relapse from opioid use disorder. This medication remains underused because it must be injected into muscle by a nurse and is relatively expensive. This project will develop and test a novel naltrexone skin patch that is easier to use, more comfortable, and inexpensive.
1UG3DA057850-01	Development of a Monoclonal Antibody to Reverse Overdose from Fentanyl and Its Analogs: From Manufacturing to Clinical Trials	Novel Therapeutic Options for Opioid Use Disorder and Overdose	Focusing Medication Development to Prevent and Treat Opioid Use Disorder and Overdose	NIDA	UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON	PRAVETONI, MARCO; COMER, SANDRA D	Seattle, WA	2022
NOFO Title: Development of Medications to Prevent and Treat Opioid Use Disorders and Overdose (UG3/UH3) NOFO Number: PAR-20-092 Summary: The widespread availability of fentanyl and other potent synthetic opioids has dramatically increased opioid-related fatal overdoses. This project will develop and manufacture immune molecules (monoclonal antibodies) to reverse and treat overdose from fentanyl by keeping it out of the brain. This research will advance promising results in animal studies (preventing and reversing fentanyl- and carfentanil-induced breathing problems and irregular heartbeat) to clinical testing in people with opioid use disorder and others at high risk of opioid overdose from accidental or deliberate exposure to fentanyl and fentanyl-like drugs.
1UG3DA056247-01	Phase 1 and 2 Studies of Sublingual Dexmedetomidine, an Alpha 2 Adrenergic Agonist, for Treating Opioid Withdrawal	Novel Therapeutic Options for Opioid Use Disorder and Overdose	Focusing Medication Development to Prevent and Treat Opioid Use Disorder and Overdose	NIDA	NEW YORK STATE PSYCHIATRIC INSTITUTE dba RESEARCH FOUNDATION FOR MENTAL HYGIENE, INC	LEVIN, FRANCES RUDNICK	New York, NY	2022
NOFO Title: Development of Medications to Prevent and Treat Opioid Use Disorders and Overdose (UG3/UH3) (Clinical Trial Optional) NOFO Number: PAR-20-092 Summary: Withdrawal symptoms associated with current opioid use disorder treatments, such as naltrexone or buprenorphine, can be serious obstacles to successful treatment. This project aims to develop a U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved sedative medication (dexmedetomidine) as an under-the-tongue film to treat opioid withdrawal symptoms at doses that have minimal ill effects on blood pressure and heart rate. This research will compare the safety and efficacy of dexmedetomidine to lofexidine, which is currently approved to treat opioid withdrawal.
1UG3DA054825-01	A novel and highly selective orexin 1 receptor antagonist for the treatment of patients with opioid use disorder	Novel Therapeutic Options for Opioid Use Disorder and Overdose	Focusing Medication Development to Prevent and Treat Opioid Use Disorder and Overdose	NIDA	ASTRAZENECA PHARMACEUTICALS	INAMDAR, AMIR	Wilmington, DE	2021
NOFO Title: Development of Medications to Prevent and Treat Opioid Use Disorders and Overdose (UG3/UH3) (Clinical Trial Optional) NOFO Number: PAR-20-092 Summary: In collaboration with Eolas Therapeutics and the NIH Blueprint Neurotherapeutics Network, AstraZeneca has developed a novel compound for treatment of opioid use disorder, AZD4041, which targets orexin 1 (OX1) receptors in the brain. In animal studies, AZD4041 reduced the motivation to consume opioids or nicotine, reduced relapse-like drug-seeking behaviors, and showed a favorable safety profile. The compound also has proven to be safe in an initial Phase 1 clinical trial in healthy human volunteers. This project will further evaluate the safety (e.g., respiratory depression profile) of AZD4041 in human volunteers, using multiple and increasing doses. Upon successful completion of these studies, the compound will be tested in a proof-of-concept efficacy study in patients with opioid use disorder. If this is successful, the compound will advance to larger Phase 2 and Phase 3 pivotal clinical trial to tests its effectiveness in the treatment of opioid use disorder.
1UG3DA054799-01	Development of Lofexidine as a First-line Non-Opioid Pharmacologic Treatment for Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome	Novel Therapeutic Options for Opioid Use Disorder and Overdose	Focusing Medication Development to Prevent and Treat Opioid Use Disorder and Overdose	NIDA	USWM, LLC	GULLO, KRISTEN LEANN	Louisville, KY	2021
NOFO Title: Development of Medications to Prevent and Treat Opioid Use Disorders and Overdose (UG3/UH3) (Clinical Trial Optional) NOFO Number: PAR-20-092 Summary: The nation’s opioid epidemic remains a public health emergency, marked by high rates of opioid use and misuse among adults and a correlated rising incidence of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) in infants exposed to opioids before they are born. There are currently no pharmacotherapies approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of NOWS. This research will complete manufacturing and clinical trial activities to evaluate and support FDA approval of a pediatric-appropriate formulation of lofexidine, a non-opioid medication approved for mitigation of opioid withdrawal symptoms in adults, as a first line-therapy in NOWS patients through two clinical trials to (1) identify an optimal dosing regimen of lofexidine for treatment of NOWS, and (2) evaluate the risks and benefits of its use in improving withdrawal symptoms, limiting infant exposure to other off-label narcotic medications and shortening the infant’s overall stay in the hospital.
1UG3DA054785-01A1	Development of Specific Mu Opioid Receptor Antagonists to Reverse the Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Fentanyls	Novel Therapeutic Options for Opioid Use Disorder and Overdose	Focusing Medication Development to Prevent and Treat Opioid Use Disorder and Overdose	NIDA	Virginia Commonwealth University	ZHANG, YAN	Richmond, Virginia	2022
NOFO Title: Development of Medications to Prevent and Treat Opioid Use Disorders and Overdose (UG3/UH3) (Clinical Trial Optional) NOFO Number: PAR-20-092 Summary: Fentanyl and its analogs are synthetic opioids that are 100 to 10,000 times more potent than morphine. Overdose from these opioids is extremely dangerous due to their ultra-potency and longer half-life than naloxone, the front-line treatment for fentanyl overdose. This research study will develop novel mu opioid receptor antagonists that bind to the same receptor as the opioid drugs and specifically counteract fentanyl and its analogs, thereby reversing the drugs’ acute toxicity more effectively and with fewer side effects than current treatments. The researchers will characterize novel fentanyl derivatives, identify promising compounds, and pursue preclinical development of these compounds as novel reversal agents against the acute toxicity of fentanyl. The goal is to file an Investigational New Drug application with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
1UG3DA053123-01	Bacteriophage virus-like particle vaccines for fentanyl and heroin overdose	Novel Therapeutic Options for Opioid Use Disorder and Overdose	Focusing Medication Development to Prevent and Treat Opioid Use Disorder and Overdose	NIDA	UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO HEALTH SCIS CTR	CHACKERIAN, BRYCE C	Albuquerque, NM	2021
NOFO Title: Development of Medications to Prevent and Treat Opioid Use Disorders and Overdose (UG3/UH3) (Clinical Trial Optional) NOFO Number: PAR-20-092 Summary: Opioids account for nearly 70 percent of overdose deaths in the United States, with fentanyl and heroin use the most common causes. The goal of this project is to create a vaccine to elicit serum antibodies that bind and sequester the drug in the blood, preventing it from crossing the blood-brain barrier where it acts on the central nervous system. Current opioid vaccine strategies require multiple boosts and months to reach peak titers, the level of antibodies in a blood sample, and have yet to show protection against lethal overdose. In this project, researchers will use a bacteriophage virus-like particle vaccine platform to engineer and test the effectiveness of a combined vaccine to elicit high titer antibodies quickly to protect against lethal overdose from fentanyl or heroin.